He aha nā Plastics Kū'ē Pumehana?

Hoʻohana ʻia nā plastik ma nā mākeke āpau ma muli o ko lākou ʻoluʻolu o ka hana ʻana, maʻalahi, a me ka laulā o nā hale. Ma luna aʻe a ma luna o nā plastic commodity maʻamau aia kahi papa o ka pale wela maʻalahiilikaihiki ke paʻa i nā pae wela i hiki ʻole. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau plastics i nā noi paʻakikī kahi e pono ai ka hui ʻana o ke kūpaʻa mahana, ka ikaika mechanical, a me ke kūpaʻa paʻakikī. E wehewehe kēia pou i ke ʻano o nā plastics pale wela a no ke aha lākou e pono ai.

He aha ke ʻano o ka plastik pale wela?

ʻO ka plastik pale wela ka mea maʻamau i kēlā me kēia ʻano o ka plastic i hoʻohana mau ʻia ka pae wela ma luna o 150 ° C(302 ° F) a i ʻole kahi kūʻē kūʻokoʻa pōkole o 250 ° C (482 ° F) a i ʻole. I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, hiki i ka huahana ke hoʻomau i nā kaʻina hana ma luna o 150 ° C a hiki ke hoʻomanawanui i nā pōkole pōkole a i ʻole ma luna o 250 ° C. Me ko lākou pale ʻana i ka mahana, loaʻa i kēia mau plastics nā hale mechanical phenomenal i hiki ke hoʻohālikelike i nā metala. Hiki ke lawe ʻia nā plastics pale wela i ke ʻano o nā thermoplastics, thermosets, a i ʻole photopolymers.

Hoʻopili ʻia nā plastik me nā kaulahao molekala lōʻihi. Ke hoʻomehana ʻia, ʻino nā mea paʻa ma waena o kēia mau kaulahao, e hoʻoheheʻe i ka huahana. ʻO nā plastik me nā mahana hoʻoheheʻe i hoʻemi ʻia he mau apo aliphatic ka mea i hana ʻia nā plastik wela kiʻekiʻe me nā apo ʻala. I ka hihia o nā apo ʻala, pono e hoʻopōʻino ʻia ʻelua mau mea hoʻopaʻa kemika (e hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā apo aliphatic 'solitary bond) ma mua o ka haki ʻana o ke kumu. No laila, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i kēia mau huahana.

Ma waho aʻe o ke kemika o lalo, hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ke kūpaʻa mahana o nā plastics me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea kanu. Ma waena o nā mea hoʻohui maʻamau no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke kūpaʻa pae wela, ʻo ia ke aniani fiber. Loaʻa i nā fibers ka pōmaikaʻi hou o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka paʻa a me ka ikaika o nā mea.

Aia nā ʻano hana like ʻole no ka ʻike ʻana i ka pale wela o ka plastic. ʻO nā mea nui loa i heluʻia maʻaneʻi:

• Heat Deflection Temperature Level (HDT) – ʻO kēia ka wela e hoʻoheheʻe ai ka plastic ma lalo o kahi ʻāpana i koho mua ʻia. ʻAʻole helu kēia ana i nā hopena lōʻihi i ka huahana inā mālama ʻia kēlā mahana no nā manawa lōʻihi.
• ʻO ke aniani hoʻololi wela (Tg) – Ma ke ʻano o kahi plastic amorphous, wehewehe ka Tg i ka mahana i hoʻololi ʻia ai ka mea i ka ʻeleʻele a i ʻole ka ʻili.
• Hoʻohana mau ʻia ka Mahana (CUT) – Hōʻike i ka wela maikaʻi loa i hiki ke hoʻohana mau ʻia ka plastic me ka ʻole o ka luku nui ʻana i kona mau hale mīkini i ka manawa o ke ola o ka ʻāpana.

No ke aha e hoʻohana ai i ka Heat Resistant Plastics?

Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā plastik. Eia nō naʻe, no ke aha e hoʻohana ai ke kanaka i nā plastics no nā noi wela kiʻekiʻe inā hiki i nā kila ke hana pinepine i nā hiʻohiʻona like ma luna o nā ʻano wela ākea? Eia kekahi mau kumu:

1. Ke kaumaha haʻahaʻa - ʻoi aku ka māmā o nā plastik ma mua o nā metala. No laila maikaʻi lākou no nā noi i nā mākeke kaʻa a me nā aerospace e hilinaʻi nei i nā mea māmā e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana maʻamau.
2. Kū'ē Rust - Ua ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pale ʻana o kekahi mau plastics ma mua o nā kila ke hōʻike ʻia i nā ʻano kemika. He mea koʻikoʻi kēia no nā noi e pili ana i nā wela a me nā lewa ʻino e like me nā mea i loko o ka ʻoihana kemika.
3. Hoʻololi i ka hana - Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻāpana plastik i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻenehana hana kiʻekiʻe e like me ka hoʻoheheʻe injection. ʻO kēia ka hopena i nā ʻāpana i emi ke kumu kūʻai no kēlā me kēia ʻāpana ma mua o ko lākou mau mea metala CNC-milled. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻāpana palaki i ka paʻi 3D e hiki ai i nā hoʻolālā paʻakikī a me ka hoʻolālā hoʻolālā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka hiki ke hoʻokō me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mīkini CNC.
4. Insulator - Hiki i nā plastik ke hana ma ke ʻano he insulators wela a me ka uila. He mea maikaʻi kēia i kahi e hoʻopōʻino ai ka conductivity uila i nā mea uila koʻikoʻi a i ʻole kahi wela e hoʻopilikia maikaʻi ʻole i ke kaʻina hana.

Nā ʻano o nā Plastics Kūleʻa Kiʻekiʻe

Aia 2 mau hui nui o ka thermoplastics– ʻo ia hoʻi nā plastic amorphous a me semirystalline. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā plastik pale wela i kēlā me kēia hui e like me ka hōʻike ʻana ma ka helu 1 i helu ʻia ma lalo nei. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o kēia 2 ʻo kā lākou hana hoʻoheheʻe. ʻAʻole i loaʻa i kahi huahana amorphous kahi helu heheʻe pololei akā naʻe e palupalu mālie ke piʻi ʻana o ka pae wela. ʻO kahi mea semi-crystalline, ma ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, he wahi heheʻe ʻoi loa.

Aia ma lalo nei kekahi mau huahana i hāʻawi ʻia maiDTG. E kāhea i kahi luna DTG inā makemake ʻoe i kahi huahana kikoʻī ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia ma aneʻi.

Polyetherimide (PEI).

Hoʻomaopopo pinepine ʻia kēia mea e kona inoa kālepa ʻo Ultem a he plastic amorphous me nā hale wela a me nā hale mechanical. ʻO ia hoʻi ka pale ahi ʻoiai ʻaʻohe mea ʻai. Eia nō naʻe, pono e nānā ʻia ke kū ʻana o ke ahi ma ka ʻikepili o ka huahana. Hāʻawi ʻo DTG i ʻelua mau hiʻohiʻona o nā plastik Ultem no ka paʻi 3D.

Polyamide (PA).

ʻO ka polyamide, ka mea i ʻike ʻia e ka inoa kālepa, ʻo Nylon, he mau hale kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻohui ʻana me nā mea hana a me nā mea hoʻopihapiha. Ma waho aʻe o kēia, ua kūpaʻa loa ʻo Nylon i ka abrasion. Hāʻawi ʻo DTG i nā ʻano nylons pale wela me nā mea hoʻopihapiha like ʻole e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma lalo nei.

Photopolymers.

ʻO nā Photopolymers nā plastics ʻokoʻa i hiki ke polymerized wale nō ma lalo o ka hopena o kahi kumu ikehu o waho e like me ke kukui UV a i ʻole kekahi mīkini optic. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau mea no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana kiʻekiʻe i paʻi ʻia me nā geometries paʻakikī ʻaʻole hiki ke hana ʻia me nā ʻano hana hou. I loko o ka māhele o nā photopolymers, hāʻawi ʻo DTG i 2 mau mea pale wela.