Pulasitiki ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la moyo wamakono, kuyambira pakuyika chakudya ndi mankhwala kupita ku zida zamagalimoto, zida zamankhwala, ndi zovala. Ndipotu, mapulasitiki asintha mafakitale osiyanasiyana, ndipo zotsatira zake pa moyo wathu watsiku ndi tsiku ndizosatsutsika. Komabe, pamene dziko likuyang'anizana ndi zovuta za chilengedwe zomwe zikukula, kumvetsetsa mapulasitiki ofunika kwambiri-pomwe amagwiritsira ntchito komanso momwe angagwiritsire ntchito chilengedwe-ndikofunikira. Pansipa, tiwona mapulasitiki 15 ofunikira kwambiri, mawonekedwe awo, kagwiritsidwe ntchito kake, zodetsa nkhawa, komanso kuthekera kobwezeretsanso.
1. Polyethylene (PE)
Mitundu ya Polyethylene: LDPE vs. HDPE
Polyethylene ndi imodzi mwamapulasitiki omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Zimabwera m'njira ziwiri zazikulu: polyethylene yotsika kwambiri (LDPE) ndi polyethylene yapamwamba kwambiri (HDPE). Ngakhale onsewa amapangidwa kuchokera ku polymerization ya ethylene, kusiyana kwawo kumatsogolera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana.
- LDPE: Mtunduwu ndi wosinthika kwambiri, ndikupangitsa kuti ukhale woyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ngati matumba apulasitiki, mabotolo ofinyidwa, ndi zokulunga chakudya.
- Zithunzi za HDPE: Yodziwika chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zazikulu komanso kuuma kwake, HDPE nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu monga mitsuko yamkaka, mabotolo otsukira, ndi mapaipi.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Nthawi zambiri Polyethylene Pakuyika ndi Zotengera
Polyethylene imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakuyika, kuphatikiza matumba apulasitiki, mafilimu, zotengera, ndi mabotolo. Kukhazikika kwake, kukana chinyezi, komanso kukwera mtengo kwake kumapangitsa kukhala chisankho choyenera pazogwiritsa ntchito izi.
Zokhudza Zachilengedwe ndi Zovuta Zobwezeretsanso
Ngakhale kuti imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, polyethylene imabweretsa zovuta zachilengedwe. Monga chinthu chosawonongeka, chimachulukana m'malo otayirako komanso m'nyanja. Komabe, mapulogalamu obwezeretsanso HDPE adakhazikitsidwa bwino, ngakhale kuti LDPE simasinthidwa kawirikawiri, zomwe zimathandizira kuipitsa.
2. Polypropylene (PP)
Katundu ndi Ubwino wa Polypropylene
Polypropylene ndi pulasitiki yosunthika yomwe imadziwika chifukwa cha kulimba kwake, kukana mankhwala, komanso malo osungunuka kwambiri. Ndi imodzi mwamapulasitiki omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'zakudya, zida zamagalimoto, ndi nsalu. Mosiyana ndi polyethylene, polypropylene imagonjetsedwa ndi kutopa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zabwino kwa ntchito zomwe zimaphatikizapo kusinthasintha mobwerezabwereza.
Amagwiritsidwa Ntchito mu Zovala, Magalimoto, ndi Packaging Chakudya
Polypropylene imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzovala (monga ulusi), zida zamagalimoto (monga ma bumpers ndi mapanelo amkati), komanso kulongedza zakudya (monga zotengera za yogurt ndi zipewa za botolo). Kukana kwake kwa mankhwala ndi chinyezi kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yabwino kwa ogula ndi mafakitale.
Kukhazikika ndi Kubwezeretsanso Kuyeserera mu Polypropylene
Polypropylene imatha kubwezeretsedwanso, koma nthawi zambiri imasinthidwanso chifukwa cha kuipitsidwa ndi chakudya ndi zinthu zina. Zatsopano zaposachedwa zakhala zikuyang'ana kwambiri pakuwongolera bwino kwa polypropylene recycling kuti muchepetse momwe chilengedwe chimakhalira.
3. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
Mitundu ya PVC: Yolimba vs. Flexible
PVC ndi pulasitiki yosunthika yomwe imabwera m'njira ziwiri zazikulu: zolimba komanso zosinthika. PVC yolimba imagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga zinthu monga mapaipi, mazenera, ndi zitseko, pomwe PVC yosinthika imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamachubu azachipatala, pansi, ndi zingwe zamagetsi.
Ntchito Zofunikira za PVC mu Zomangamanga ndi Zida Zachipatala
Pomanga, PVC imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapaipi, pansi, ndi mafelemu awindo. Kusinthasintha kwake komanso kukana dzimbiri kumapangitsanso kuti ikhale yabwino pazachipatala monga machubu a IV, matumba amagazi, ndi ma catheter.
Chitetezo ndi Zachilengedwe Zokhudzana ndi PVC
PVC yadzutsa nkhawa zaumoyo chifukwa chotulutsa mankhwala oopsa monga ma dioxin pakupanga ndikutaya kwake. Zowonjezera za plasticizer zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu PVC zosinthika zimayikanso ziwopsezo zaumoyo. Zotsatira zake, kukonzanso ndi kutaya PVC moyenera kwakhala vuto lalikulu la chilengedwe.
4. Polystyrene (PS)
Mitundu ya Polystyrene: Expandable vs. General Purpose
Polystyrene imabwera m'mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu: general-purpose polystyrene (GPPS) ndi polystyrene yowonjezereka (EPS). Yotsirizirayi imadziwika ndi zinthu zake zokhala ngati thovu ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popakira zinthu monga kulongedza mtedza ndi zotengera.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Polystyrene Pakuyika ndi Zinthu Zotayidwa
Polystyrene imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri podulira, makapu, ndi zida zonyamula. Mtengo wake wotsika mtengo wopangira komanso kuwongolera kosavuta kwapangitsa kuti ikhale chisankho chodziwika bwino pazinthu zogwiritsa ntchito kamodzi.
Zowopsa Zaumoyo ndi Zovuta Zobwezeretsanso za Polystyrene
Polystyrene imabweretsa kuopsa kwa thanzi komanso chilengedwe, makamaka chifukwa imatha kusweka kukhala tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timawononga magwero amadzi. Ngakhale kuti imatha kubwezeretsedwanso mwaukadaulo, zinthu zambiri za polystyrene sizidzabwezeredwa chifukwa chokwera mtengo komanso kutsika mtengo.
5. Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)
Ubwino wa PET wa Mabotolo ndi Kupaka
PET ndi imodzi mwamapulasitiki omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mabotolo a zakumwa ndi zotengera zakudya. Ndizopepuka, zowonekera, komanso zosagwirizana kwambiri ndi chinyezi ndi mpweya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera pakuyika zinthu zomwe zimafuna moyo wautali.
Kubwezeretsanso kwa PET: Kuyang'ana mu Circular Economy
PET ndiyotheka kubwezerezedwanso, ndipo mapulogalamu ambiri obwezeretsanso amayang'ana pakusintha mabotolo a PET kukhala zinthu zatsopano, kuphatikiza zovala ndi kapeti. "Economy yozungulira" ya PET ikukula, ndikuyesetsa kutseka njirayo pokonzanso ndikugwiritsanso ntchito pulasitiki iyi.
Zokhudza Zachilengedwe Zozungulira PET
Ngakhale kuti PET imatha kubwezeretsedwanso, gawo lalikulu la zinyalala za PET zimathera m'malo otayira pansi ndi m'nyanja chifukwa cha mitengo yotsika yobwezeretsanso. Kuphatikiza apo, njira yopangira mphamvu kwambiri ya PET imathandizira kutulutsa mpweya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito zokhazikika zikhale zofunika kwambiri.
6. Polylactic Acid (PLA)
Katundu ndi Biodegradability ya PLA
Polylactic Acid (PLA) ndi pulasitiki wosawonongeka wopangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zongowonjezedwanso monga chimanga chowuma kapena nzimbe. Ili ndi zinthu zofanana ndi mapulasitiki wamba koma imasweka mosavuta pansi pamikhalidwe ya kompositi, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale njira yabwino kwa ogula osamala zachilengedwe.
Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa PLA mu Eco-Friendly Products
PLA imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pakuyika, zodula zotayika, komanso kusindikiza kwa 3D. Amaonedwa kuti ndi njira yokhazikika kuposa mapulasitiki achikhalidwe chifukwa amatha kusweka m'malo opangira kompositi.
Zovuta za PLA mu Composting Industrial and Recycling
Ngakhale PLA ndi biodegradable pansi mikhalidwe yoyenera, amafuna mafakitale mafakitale kusweka bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, PLA imatha kuyipitsa mitsinje yobwezeretsanso ngati itasakanizidwa ndi mapulasitiki ena, chifukwa sichikunyozeka mofanana ndi mapulasitiki wamba.
7. Polycarbonate (PC)
Chifukwa chiyani Polycarbonate Ndi Yofunikira mu Zamagetsi ndi Chitetezo
Polycarbonate ndi pulasitiki yowoneka bwino, yamphamvu kwambiri yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga magalasi amaso, zipewa zachitetezo, ndi zida zamagetsi. Kutha kupirira kumapangitsa kukhala chisankho chodziwika bwino pamapulogalamu omwe amafunikira kulimba komanso kumveka bwino.
Ubwino wa Polycarbonate mu Transparent Application
Kuwoneka bwino kwa polycarbonate, kuphatikizidwa ndi kulimba kwake, kumapangitsa kukhala koyenera kwa magalasi, ma disc owoneka (monga ma CD ndi ma DVD), ndi zishango zoteteza. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga glazing pamagalimoto ndi zomangamanga chifukwa cha kupepuka kwake komanso kulimba kwake.
Mkangano Waumoyo: BPA ndi Polycarbonate
Chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimadetsa nkhawa kwambiri za polycarbonate ndi kutulutsa kwa Bisphenol A (BPA), mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga. BPA yalumikizidwa kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana zaumoyo, zomwe zapangitsa kuti anthu azifuna njira zina zopanda BPA.
8. Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)
Mphamvu za ABS mu Consumer Electronics
ABS ndi pulasitiki yolimba, yolimba yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamagetsi ogula, monga nyumba zamakompyuta, mafoni am'manja, ndi zida zamasewera. Imakana kukhudzidwa, kupangitsa kuti ikhale yabwino poteteza zida zamagetsi zamagetsi.
Kugwiritsa ntchito ABS mu Magalimoto ndi Kupanga Toy
ABS imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri pazigawo zamagalimoto ndi zoseweretsa. Kuthekera kwake kupangidwa kukhala mawonekedwe ovuta kumapangitsa kukhala koyenera kupanga zinthu zolimba, zopepuka.
Kubwezeretsanso Kuthekera ndi Kukhazikika kwa ABS
Ngakhale ABS siinasinthidwenso kwambiri ngati mapulasitiki ena, imatha kubwezeretsedwanso mwaukadaulo. Kafukufuku wokonza njira zobwezeretsanso za ABS akupitilira, ndipo pali chidwi chochuluka chogwiritsa ntchito ABS popanga zinthu zatsopano.
9. Nayiloni (Polyamide)
Kusinthasintha kwa Nylon mu Zovala ndi Ntchito Zamakampani
Nayiloni ndi polima yopanga yomwe imadziwika chifukwa cha mphamvu zake, kulimba, komanso kukana kuvala ndi kung'ambika. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazovala (mwachitsanzo, masitonkeni ndi zovala zogwira ntchito), komanso ntchito zamafakitale monga zingwe, magiya, ndi ma bearings.
Zofunika Kwambiri za Nayiloni: Kukhalitsa, Kusinthasintha, ndi Mphamvu
Kutha kwa nayiloni kupirira kugwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza popanda kuwonongeka kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yabwino kwa mapulogalamu omwe amafunikira kusinthasintha komanso kulimba. Kuphatikiza apo, imalimbana ndi chinyezi komanso mankhwala ambiri.
Zovuta Zachilengedwe Zachilengedwe ndi Zovuta Zobwezeretsanso za Nylon
Ngakhale nayiloni imakhala yolimba, imakhala ndi zovuta zachilengedwe. Siziwonongeka, ndipo mitengo yobwezeretsanso nayiloni ndi yotsika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinyalala ziwunjike. Makampani akufufuza njira zobwezeretsanso nayiloni moyenera, makamaka muzovala.
10.Polyurethane (PU)
Polyurethane mu thovu ndi zokutira
Polyurethane ndi pulasitiki yosunthika yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana, kuchokera ku thovu zofewa mpaka zomangira zolimba komanso zokutira. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popangira mipando ya mipando, mapanelo otsekereza, ndi zokutira zoteteza zamatabwa ndi zitsulo.
Mitundu Yosiyanasiyana ya Polyurethane ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Kwawo
Pali mitundu ingapo ya polyurethane, kuphatikiza thovu losinthika, thovu lolimba, ndi elastomers. Mtundu uliwonse uli ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana, kuchokera ku zida zomangira kupita ku zida zamagalimoto ndi nsapato.
Zovuta pa Kubwezeretsanso Polyurethane
Polyurethane imabweretsa zovuta zazikulu zobwezeretsanso chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala. Pakalipano, pali mapulogalamu ochepa obwezeretsanso polyurethane, ngakhale kuyesayesa kukuchitika kuti apange njira zina zokhazikika.
11.Polyoxymethylene (POM)
Kugwiritsa ntchito POM mu Precision Engineering ndi Magalimoto
Polyoxymethylene, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti acetal, imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga uinjiniya wolondola pomwe mphamvu yayikulu komanso kukangana kochepa ndikofunikira. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'zigawo zamagalimoto, zolumikizira zamagetsi, ndi magiya.
Chifukwa chiyani POM Ndi Yotchuka Pazigawo Zamakina
Kukana kwamphamvu kwa POM, kukhazikika kwa mawonekedwe, komanso kukangana kochepa kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yabwino pamakina olondola kwambiri. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magiya, mayendedwe, ndi mbali zina zosuntha.
Kubwezeretsanso ndi Kutaya Polyoxymethylene
Polyoxymethylene ndizovuta kukonzanso chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake. Komabe, kafukufuku wokhudza kubwezeretsedwanso kwake akupitilira, ndipo zatsopano zikufufuzidwa kuti zithandizire kugwiritsa ntchitonso POM.
12.Polyimide (PI)
Kugwiritsa ntchito Polyimide mu Aerospace ndi Electronics
Polyimide ndi pulasitiki yogwira ntchito kwambiri yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka muzamlengalenga ndi zamagetsi chifukwa cha kukhazikika kwake kwamatenthedwe komanso kukana mankhwala. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu monga mabwalo osinthika, zida zotsekera, ndi zisindikizo zotentha kwambiri.
Katundu wa Polyimide: Kukana Kutentha ndi Kukhalitsa
Polyimide imatha kupirira kutentha kwambiri (mpaka 500 ° F kapena kupitilira apo) popanda kunyozeka. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo omwe mapulasitiki ena angagwe.
Mavuto a Zachilengedwe ndi Polyimide Disposal
Ngakhale kuti polyimide imapereka magwiridwe antchito apamwamba m'mafakitale ena, siwowonongeka komanso ndizovuta kuyikonzanso, zomwe zimadzetsa nkhawa zokhudzana ndi chilengedwe.
13.Epoxy Resin
Ntchito Zamakampani ndi Zaluso za Epoxy Resin
Epoxy resin imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati cholumikizira, mu zokutira, ndi zophatikizika. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale omanga, magalimoto, ndi zam'madzi chifukwa chokhazikika komanso kukana madzi. Imagwiritsidwanso ntchito muzojambula ndi zamisiri chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwake komanso kumaliza kwake komveka.
Ubwino wa Epoxy pakumanga ndi zokutira
Epoxy imapereka zomatira zapamwamba kwambiri ndipo imapanga zomangira zolimba, zokhalitsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zabwino kwa mapulogalamu omwe amafunikira kumamatira mwamphamvu komanso kukana kutentha ndi mankhwala.
Zaumoyo ndi Zachilengedwe Zokhudza Epoxy Resin
Kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ma epoxy resins kumatha kutulutsa mankhwala owopsa, monga ma volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Kusamalira kotetezeka ndi kutaya koyenera ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse ngozizi.
14.Polyetheretherketone (PEEK)
Chifukwa chiyani PEEK Imagwiritsidwa Ntchito mu Aerospace, Medical, ndi Industrial Fields
PEEK ndi polima wochita bwino kwambiri yemwe amadziwika chifukwa champhamvu zake, kukana mankhwala, komanso kukana kutentha. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito muzamlengalenga, ma implants azachipatala, ndi ntchito zamafakitale zomwe zimafuna kulimba kwambiri.
Katundu wa PEEK: Mphamvu, Kukana Kutentha, ndi Kukhalitsa
Makhalidwe apamwamba a PEEK amapangitsa kuti ikhale yabwino kwambiri pazinthu zomwe zimatentha kwambiri kapena malo owopsa amankhwala, monga zisindikizo, ma bearings, ndi ma implants azachipatala.
Zovuta Zachilengedwe ndi Kubwezeretsanso kwa PEEK
Kubwezeretsanso PEEK kumakhalabe kovuta chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala komanso kukwera mtengo kogwirizana ndi kukonza. Komabe, kafukufuku wopitilira akufunafuna mayankho okhazikika pakubwezanso kwa PEEK.
15.Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF)
Kugwiritsa ntchito PVDF mu Chemical and Electronics Industries
PVDF ndi pulasitiki yogwira ntchito kwambiri yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zomwe zimafuna kukana mankhwala, kutentha, ndi mphamvu zamagetsi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makampani opanga ma mipope komanso m'makampani amagetsi pakutchinjiriza waya.
Katundu: Kukana Kuwonongeka ndi Kutentha Kwambiri
PVDF imapambana m'malo omwe mapulasitiki ena angawonongeke, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ovuta komanso kutentha kwambiri.
Kukhazikika kwa Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF)
Ngakhale kuti ndi yolimba kwambiri komanso yosagonjetsedwa ndi kuwonongeka, PVDF imakhala ndi zovuta zobwezeretsanso chifukwa cha zovuta zake. Kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe kumaphatikizapo kuipitsa nthawi yotayika ngati sikunasamalidwe bwino.
Mapeto
Pamene tikupita patsogolo mu nthawi yomwe kukhazikika ndi chidziwitso cha chilengedwe kumayikidwa patsogolo, kumvetsetsa udindo umene mapulasitiki amachita m'madera amakono ndi ofunika kwambiri. Pulasitiki monga polyethylene, polypropylene, PET, ndi PLA ndizofunika kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana, kuyambira pakuyika chakudya kupita kumlengalenga. Komabe, kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe kwa zinyalala zapulasitiki sikungatsutse, ndipo kukonza zobwezeretsanso, kuchepetsa zinyalala, ndi kupeza zinthu zina kudzakhala kofunika kwambiri pothana ndi mavutowa m'tsogolomu.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jan-15-2025
