Ulwandlalo oluBanzi: IiPlastiki ezili-15 zibaluleke kakhulu

Iiplastiki ziyinxalenye yobomi banamhlanje, ukusuka ekupakishweni kokutya kunye namayeza ukuya kwiindawo zemoto, izixhobo zonyango, kunye nempahla. Ngapha koko, iiplastiki ziguqule amashishini ahlukeneyo, kwaye impembelelo yazo kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla ayinakuphikiswa. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko ihlabathi lijongene nemingeni ekhulayo yokusingqongileyo, ukuqonda iiplastiki ezibaluleke kakhulu-zombini malunga nokusetyenziswa kwazo kunye neempembelelo zokusingqongileyo-kubalulekile. Apha ngezantsi, siza kuphonononga iiplastiki ezili-15 ezibaluleke kakhulu, iimpawu zazo, ukusetyenziswa, iinkxalabo ezizinzileyo, kunye nokubanakho ukurisayikilishwa.

1. Polyethylene (PE)

Iindidi zePolyethylene: LDPE vs. HDPE

I-polyethylene yenye yezona zinto zixhaphakileyo kwaye zisetyenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni. Iza kwiifom ezimbini eziphambili: i-polyethylene ephantsi (i-LDPE) kunye ne-high-density polyethylene (HDPE). Ngelixa zombini zenziwe kwi-polymerization ye-ethylene, ukungafani kwabo kwesakhiwo kukhokelela kwiipropati ezahlukeneyo.

• I-LDPE: Olu hlobo lubhetyebhetye ngakumbi, lusenza ukuba lulungele izicelo ezifana neengxowa zeplastiki, iibhotile ezikhamayo, kunye nokusonga ukutya.
• HDPE: Iyaziwa ngokuba namandla amakhulu kunye nokuqina kwayo, i-HDPE isoloko isetyenziselwa iimveliso ezifana neejugi zobisi, iibhotile zokucoca, kunye nemibhobho.

Ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo kwePolyethylene kwiPackaging kunye neMigqomo

I-polyethylene isetyenziswa kakhulu ekupakisheni, kubandakanya iingxowa zeplastiki, iifilimu, izikhongozeli kunye neebhotile. Ukomelela kwayo, ukumelana nokufuma, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko kuyenza ibe lolona khetho lufanelekileyo kwezi zicelo.

Impembelelo yokusiNgqongileyo kunye nemingeni yokuRisayikilishwa

Ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kwayo ngokubanzi, i-polyethylene ibangela imingeni ebalulekileyo yendalo. Njengemathiriyeli engaboliyo, iqokelelana kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma kunye nolwandle. Nangona kunjalo, iinkqubo zokurisayikilisha ze-HDPE zisekwe kakuhle, nangona i-LDPE ingafane isetyenziswe kwakhona, inegalelo kungcoliseko.

2. Iipolypropylene (PP)

Iipropati kunye neeNzuzo zePolypropylene

I-Polypropylene yiplastiki eguquguqukayo eyaziwayo ngokuqina kwayo, ukuxhathisa iikhemikhali, kunye nendawo ephezulu yokunyibilika. Yenye yeeplastiki ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizikhongozeli zokutya, iinxalenye zemoto, kunye namalaphu. Ngokungafani ne-polyethylene, i-polypropylene ixhathisa ngakumbi ukukhathala, okwenza kube yinto efanelekileyo kwizicelo ezibandakanya ukuguquguquka okuphindaphindiweyo.

Ukusetyenziswa kweMilaphu, iiMoto, kunye nokuPakisha ukutya

I-Polypropylene isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimpahla (njengefiber), izixhobo zemoto (ezifana ne-bumpers kunye neepaneli zangaphakathi), kunye nokupakishwa kokutya (njengezikhongozeli ze-yogurt kunye neebhotile zebhotile). Ukuchasana kwayo neekhemikhali kunye nokufuma kuyenza iphelele kubo bobabini abathengi kunye nezicelo zemizi-mveliso.

Ukuzinza kunye neenzame zokuSebenza kwakhona kwiPolypropylene

I-Polypropylene iyaphinda isetyenziswe, kodwa ihlala ingaphantsi-isetyenzisiwe ngenxa yokungcoliswa kokutya kunye nezinye izinto. Izinto ezintsha zamva nje zijolise ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle kwepolypropylene recycling ukuze kuncitshiswe indawo yayo yokusingqongileyo.

3. I-Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)

Iindidi zePVC: I-Rigid vs. Flexible

I-PVC yiplastiki eguquguqukayo eza kwiintlobo ezimbini eziphambili: eqinile kwaye ebhetyebhetye. I-PVC engqongqo iqhele ukusetyenziswa kwizinto zokwakha njengemibhobho, iifestile, kunye neengcango, ngelixa i-PVC eguquguqukayo isetyenziswa kwityhubhu yezonyango, umgangatho, kunye neentambo zombane.

Izicelo eziphambili zePVC kuLwakhiwo kunye neZixhobo zoNyango

Ekwakhiweni, iPVC isetyenziselwa imibhobho yamanzi, umgangatho, kunye neefestile. Ukuguquguquka kwayo kunye nokuchasana nokubola kuyenza ibe yinto efanelekileyo kwizicelo zonyango ezifana ne-IV tubing, iingxowa zegazi, kunye ne-catheters.

Ukhuseleko kunye nokuNgqongileyo okuNgqongileyo okuNxulumene nePVC

I-PVC iye yaphakamisa inkxalabo yezempilo ngenxa yokukhutshwa okunokubakho kweekhemikhali ezinobuthi ezifana ne-dioxins ngexesha lokuvelisa kunye nokulahlwa kwayo. Izongezo zeplastiki ezisetyenziswa kwi-PVC eguquguqukayo nazo zibeka ingozi kwimpilo. Ngenxa yoko, ukurisayikilishwa kunye nokulahlwa ngokufanelekileyo kwePVC kuye kwaba yinkxalabo ebalulekileyo yokusingqongileyo.

4. Ipolystyrene (PS)

Iintlobo zePolystyrene: Eyandiswayo vs. Injongo ngokubanzi

I-Polystyrene iza kwiindidi ezimbini eziphambili: i-polystyrene yenjongo jikelele (GPPS) kunye ne-polystyrene eyandiswayo (EPS). Le yokugqibela iyaziwa ngeempawu zayo ezinjengogwebu kwaye iqhele ukusetyenziswa kwizinto zokupakisha ezifana nokupakisha amandongomane kunye nezikhongozeli zokukhupha.

Ukusetyenziswa kwePolystyrene kwiPackage kunye nezinto eziLahlwayo

I-Polystyrene isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-cutlery elahlayo, iikomityi, kunye nezinto zokupakisha. Iindleko zayo zokuvelisa ezingabizi kakhulu kunye nokulula kokubumba kwenze ukuba kube yinto ethandwayo yokusetyenziswa kwezinto zomthengi omnye.

Imingcipheko yeMpilo kunye nemingeni yokuRisayikilishwa kwePolystyrene

I-Polystyrene ibeka impilo kunye nemingcipheko yokusingqongileyo, ngakumbi kuba inokuqhekeka ibe ngamancinci amancinci angcolisa imithombo yamanzi. Ngelixa isetyenzisiwe ngokobuchwepheshe, uninzi lweemveliso zepolystyrene aziphinda zisetyenziswe ngenxa yeendleko eziphezulu kunye nembuyekezo ephantsi.

5. Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)

Izinto eziluncedo zePET kwiibhotile kunye nokuPakisha

I-PET yenye yeeplastiki eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswa kwiibhotile zesiselo kunye nezikhongozeli zokutya. Ikhaphukhaphu, ayicacanga, kwaye iyamelana kakhulu nokufuma kunye neoksijini, iyenza ilungele ukupakishwa kweemveliso ezifuna ubomi beshelufu obude.

Ukurisayikilishwa kwe-PET: Ukujongwa kuQoqosho lweSetyhula

I-PET inokuphinda isetyenziswe, kwaye iinkqubo ezininzi zokurisayikilisha zijolise ekuguquleni iibhotile ze-PET ezisetyenzisiweyo zibe yimveliso entsha, kubandakanya iimpahla kunye nekhaphethi. "Uqoqosho olujikelezayo" lwe-PET luyakhula, kunye neenzame ezikhulayo zokuvala i-loop ngokuphinda usebenzise kwakhona le plastiki.

Iinkxalabo zokusiNgqongileyo ezingqonge i-PET

Ngelixa i-PET iphinda isetyenziswe, inxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkunkuma ye-PET iphelela kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma kunye neelwandle ngenxa yamazinga aphantsi okurisayikilisha. Ukongezelela, inkqubo yokuvelisa amandla e-PET inegalelo ekukhutshweni kwekhabhoni, okwenza iinzame zokuzinza zibaluleke kakhulu.

6. I-Polylactic Acid (PLA)

IiPropati kunye neBiodegradability yePLA

I-Polylactic Acid (i-PLA) yiplastiki enokubola eyenziwe ngezixhobo ezivuselelekayo ezifana nesitatshi sombona okanye ummoba. Ineempawu ezifanayo kwiiplastiki eziqhelekileyo kodwa iqhekeza ngokulula phantsi kweemeko zomgquba, okwenza kube yinto ekhangayo kubathengi abaqaphela indalo.

Usetyenziso lwe-PLA kwiiMveliso eziLungelelene ne-Eco

I-PLA isoloko isetyenziselwa ukupakisha, i-cutlery elahlayo, kunye noshicilelo lwe-3D. Ithathwa njengenye indlela ezinzileyo kwiiplastiki zemveli ngenxa yokukwazi ukuqhekeka kwiindawo zokugqumisa.

Imingeni ye-PLA kwi-Industrial Composting kunye nokuRecycling

Ngelixa i-PLA inokuboliswa phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo, ifuna ukuba umgquba kwimizi-mveliso uphuke kakuhle. Ngaphezu koko, i-PLA inokungcolisa imijelo yokurisayikilisha ukuba ixutywe nezinye iiplastiki, njengoko ayithobi ngendlela efanayo neeplastiki eziqhelekileyo.

7. Polycarbonate (PC)

Kutheni iPolycarbonate ibalulekile kwi-Electronics kunye neGear yoKhuseleko

I-Polycarbonate yiplastiki ebonakalayo, eyomelele kakhulu esetyenziswa rhoqo kwiilensi zamehlo, izigcina-ntloko zokhuseleko, kunye nezixhobo zombane. Ukukwazi kwayo ukumelana neempembelelo kwenza kube lukhetho oludumileyo kwizicelo ezifuna ukuqina kunye nokucaca.

Izibonelelo zePolycarbonate kwizicelo ezingafihliyo

I-Polycarbonate's optical clarity, idibene nokuqina kwayo, yenza ukuba ilungele iilensi, iidiski ezibonakalayo (ezifana neeCD kunye neeDVD), kunye nezikhuselo zokukhusela. Ikwasetyenziswa kwi-automotive kunye ne-architectural glazing ngenxa yokukhanya kunye nokuqina kwayo.

Ingxoxo yeMpilo: i-BPA kunye nePolycarbonate

Enye yeenkxalabo eziphambili malunga ne-polycarbonate kukukhutshwa okunokubakho kwe-Bisphenol A (BPA), imichiza esetyenziswa kwimveliso yayo. I-BPA inxulunyaniswe nemiba eyahlukeneyo yezempilo, ekhokelela ekwandeni kwemfuno yabathengi kwiindlela ezizezinye ezingena-BPA.

8. I-Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)

Amandla e-ABS kwi-Electronics yoMthengi

I-ABS yiplastiki eyomeleleyo, eyomeleleyo edla ngokusetyenziswa kubathengi be-elektroniki, njengezindlu zekhompyuter, ii-smartphones, kunye nezixhobo zokudlala. Iyaxhathisa kwimpembelelo, iyenza ilungele ukukhusela amalungu e-elektroniki abuthathaka.

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-ABS kwiZithuthi kunye noKwenziwa kweeToyi

I-ABS ikwasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiindawo zemoto kunye nezinto zokudlala. Ubuchule bayo bokubunjwa bube ziimilo ezintsonkothileyo buyenza ilungele ukwenziwa kweemveliso ezomeleleyo nezikhaphukhaphu.

Ukurisayikilisha Okunokwenzeka kunye noZinzo lwe-ABS

Ngelixa i-ABS ingaphinda isetyenziswe njengezinye iiplastiki, iphinde isetyenziswe ngokobuchwepheshe. Uphando malunga nokuphucula iinkqubo ze-ABS zokurisayikilisha luyaqhuba, kwaye kukho umdla okhulayo wokusebenzisa i-ABS esetyenzisiweyo ekuveliseni iimveliso ezintsha.

9. Inayiloni (Polyamide)

Ukuguquguquka kweNayiloni kwiMpahla kunye nosetyenziso lwezoShishino

Inayiloni yipolymer eyenziweyo eyaziwa ngamandla ayo, ukuqina, kunye nokumelana nokunxiba kunye nokukrazula. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwimpahla (umzekelo, iikawusi kunye nempahla esebenzayo), kunye nezinto ezisetyenziswa kwimizi-mveliso njengeentambo, iigiya, kunye neebheringi.

Iimpawu eziphambili zeNylon: Ukuqina, ukuguquguquka, kunye namandla

Ubuchule benayiloni bokumelana nokusetyenziswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngaphandle kokuwohloka buyenza ilungele usetyenziso olufuna ukuguquguquka kunye nokuqina. Ukongezelela, ixhathisa ukufuma kunye neekhemikhali ezininzi.

Impembelelo yokusiNgqongileyo kunye nemingeni yokuRisayikilishwa kweNayiloni

Nangona inayiloni yomelele, ibeka imiceli mngeni yokusingqongileyo. Ayinakonakala, kwaye amazinga okuphinda asetyenziswe kwinayiloni aphantsi, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuqokeleleni kwenkunkuma. Iinkampani ziphonononga iindlela zokuphinda zisetyenziswe kwinayiloni ngokufanelekileyo, ngakumbi kwilaphu.

10.Ipolyurethane (PU)

I-Polyurethane kwi-Foam kunye ne-Coatings

I-Polyurethane yiplastiki eguquguqukayo esetyenziswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kumagwebu athambileyo ukuya kwizigqubuthelo eziqinileyo kunye neengubo. Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziswa kwimiqamelo yefenitshala, iipaneli zokugquma, kunye neengubo zokukhusela zokhuni kunye neentsimbi.

Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zePolyurethane kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ze-polyurethane, kubandakanywa amagwebu aguqukayo, amagwebu aqinileyo, kunye ne-elastomers. Uhlobo ngalunye lunezicelo ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwizinto zokwakha ukuya kwizinto zemoto kunye nezihlangu.

Imingeni kwi-Recycling Polyurethane

I-Polyurethane inika imiceli mngeni ebalulekileyo yokuphinda isetyenziswe ngenxa yobume bayo beekhemikhali ezintsonkothileyo. Okwangoku, kukho iinkqubo ezimbalwa zokuphinda zisetyenziswe kwi-polyurethane, nangona iinzame ziyenziwa ukuphuhlisa ezinye iindlela ezizinzileyo.

11.I-Polyoxymethylene (POM)

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-POM kubuNjineli obuchanekileyo kunye neZithuthi

I-Polyoxymethylene, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-acetal, isetyenziselwa ngokukodwa kwizicelo zobunjineli ezichanekileyo apho amandla aphezulu kunye nokukhuhlana okuphantsi kuyadingeka. Isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwiindawo zeemoto, iziqhagamshelo zombane, kunye neegiya.

Kutheni i-POM idumile kuMacandelo oomatshini

Ukuxhathisa okugqwesileyo kwe-POM, ukuzinza komda, kunye nokukhuhlana okuphantsi kuyenza ilungele iindawo zoomatshini ezichanekileyo. Isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwiigiya, iibheringi, kunye nezinye iindawo ezihambayo.

Ukurisayikilisha kunye nokuLahlwa kwePolyoxymethylene

I-Polyoxymethylene ingumceli mngeni wokuphinda isetyenziswe ngenxa yokwakheka kweekhemikhali. Nangona kunjalo, uphando malunga nokuphinda kusetyenziswe kwakhona luyaqhubeka, kwaye izinto ezintsha ziyaphononongwa ukuphucula ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kwePOM.

12.I-Polyimide (PI)

Ukusetyenziswa kwePolyimide kwi-Aerospace kunye ne-Electronics

I-Polyimide yiplastiki esebenza kakhulu esetyenziswa ikakhulu kwi-aerospace kunye ne-electronics ngenxa yokuzinza kwayo okungaqhelekanga kunye nokumelana neekhemikhali. Isetyenziswa kwiimveliso ezifana neesekethe eziguquguqukayo, izixhobo zokugquma, kunye nezitywina zobushushu obuphezulu.

Iipropathi zePolyimide: Ukumelana nobushushu kunye nokuqina

I-Polyimide inokumelana nokushisa okugqithisileyo (ukuya kwi-500 ° F okanye ngaphezulu) ngaphandle kokuthotywa. Oku kuyenza ilungele ukusetyenziswa kwindawo apho ezinye iiplastiki zinokuqhekeka.

Imiba yokuSingqongileyo ngokuLahlwa kwePolyimide

Ngelixa i-polyimide ibonelela ngentsebenzo egqwesileyo kumashishini athile, ayiboli kwaye kunzima ukuyiphinda isetyenziswe, iphakamisa iinkxalabo zokusingqongileyo ezinxulumene nokulahlwa.

13.I-Epoxy Resin

Ukusetyenziswa kwemizi-mveliso kunye nobugcisa be-Epoxy Resin

I-epoxy resin isetyenziswa ngokubanzi njenge-agent edibeneyo, kwi-coatings, nakwi-composites. Iqhele ukusetyenziswa kumashishini okwakha, eemoto, naselwandle ngenxa yokuqina kwayo kunye nokunganyangeki kwamanzi. Ikwafumana ukusetyenziswa kubugcisa kunye nemisebenzi yezandla ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo kunye nokugqitywa okucacileyo.

Izinto eziluncedo ze-Epoxy kwi-Bonding kunye ne-Coatings

I-Epoxy inikezela ngeempawu ezincamathelayo eziphezulu kwaye idala iibhondi ezihlala ixesha elide, ezihlala zihleli, ziyenza ilungele izicelo ezifuna ukuncamathela okuqinileyo kunye nokuchasana nobushushu kunye neekhemikhali.

Impilo kunye nokuNgqongileyo kweNdalo ye-Epoxy Resin

Ukuveliswa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-epoxy resins kunokukhupha iikhemikhali ezinobungozi, ezifana ne-volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Ukuphatha ngokukhuselekileyo kunye nokulahlwa okufanelekileyo kuyafuneka ukunciphisa le mingcipheko.

14.I-Polyetheretherketone (PEEK)

Kutheni i-PEEK isetyenziswa kwi-Aerospace, i-Medical, kunye ne-Industrial Fields

I-PEEK yipolymer esebenza kakhulu eyaziwa ngamandla ayo abalaseleyo, ukumelana neekhemikhali, kunye nokumelana nobushushu. Isetyenziswa kwi-aerospace, implants yonyango, kunye nezicelo zemizi-mveliso ezifuna ukuqina okugqithisileyo.

Iipropati ze-PEEK: Amandla, ukuxhathisa ubushushu, kunye noKuhlala ixesha elide

Iipropathi eziphezulu ze-PEEK zenza ukuba ibe yinto efanelekileyo yezinto ezivezwe kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu okanye ubume bemichiza eqatha, njengetywina, iibheringi, kunye nokufakelwa kwezonyango.

Imingeni yokuSingqongileyo kunye nokuRisayikilishwa kwePEEK

Ukurisayikilishwa kwePEEK kuhlala kungumngeni ngenxa yobume bekhemikhali kunye neendleko eziphezulu ezinxulumene nokusetyenzwa. Nangona kunjalo, uphando oluqhubekayo lufuna izisombululo ezizinzileyo zokuphinda kusetyenziswe i-PEEK.

15.I-Polyvinylidine Fluoride (PVDF)

Ukusetyenziswa kwePVDF kuShishino lweMichiza kunye ne-Electronics

I-PVDF yiplastiki esebenza kakhulu esetyenziswa kwizicelo ezifuna ukuchasana neekhemikhali, ubushushu, kunye nokuhanjiswa kombane. Idla ngokusetyenziswa kwishishini lemichiza kwimibhobho nakwishishini le-electronics ukugquma iintambo.

Iipropati: Ukuxhathisa ukuMdla kunye namaqondo obushushu aphezulu

I-PVDF iyagqwesa kwindawo apho ezinye iiplastiki zinokuthotywa, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ilungele ukusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali ezirhabaxa kunye nobushushu obuphezulu.

Ukuzinza kwePolyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF)

Nangona yomelele kakhulu kwaye imelane nokuthotywa, i-PVDF ibeka imiceli mngeni yokuphinda isetyenziswe ngenxa yobume bayo obuntsonkothileyo. Iimpembelelo zokusingqongileyo ziquka ungcoliseko ngexesha lokulahlwa ukuba azilawulwa ngendlela eyiyo.

Ukuqukumbela

Njengoko siqhubela phambili kwixesha apho uzinzo kunye ne-eco-consciousness isanda kubekwa phambili, ukuqonda indima edlalwa iiplastiki kuluntu lwanamhlanje kubalulekile. Iiplastiki ezifana ne-polyethylene, i-polypropylene, i-PET, kunye ne-PLA zingundoqo kumashishini ahlukeneyo, ukusuka ekupakishweni kokutya ukuya kwi-aerospace. Nangona kunjalo, impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yenkunkuma yeplastiki ayinakuphikiswa, kwaye ukuphucula ukusetyenzwa kwakhona, ukunciphisa inkunkuma, kunye nokufumana ezinye izixhobo kuya kuba ngundoqo ekujonganeni nale mingeni kwixesha elizayo.