Zeziphi iiPlastiki eziNganyangekiyo ngokufudumeleyo?

Iiplastiki zisetyenziswa phantse kuzo zonke iimarike ngenxa yokwenziwa lula kwazo, kungabizi mali ininzi, kunye noluhlu olubanzi lwezakhiwo. Ngaphezulu nangaphezulu kweeplastiki eziqhelekileyo zomrhwebi kukho udidi lobushushu obuntsonkothileyoiiplastikienokumelana namaqondo obushushu angenako. Ezi plastikhi zisetyenziswa kwizicelo ezintsonkothileyo apho umxube wokumelana nokufudumala, amandla omatshini, kunye nokuxhathisa okunzima kubalulekile. Esi sithuba siya kucacisa ukuba zeziphi iiplastiki ezikwazi ukumelana nobushushu kwaye kutheni ziluncedo.

Yintoni iPlastiki eNganyangekiyo ngokufudumala?

Iplastiki ekwazi ukumelana nobushushu iqhelekile kulo naluphi na uhlobo lweplastiki enomgangatho wobushushu wokusetyenziswa ngokuqhubekayo ongaphezulu kwe-150 ° C( 302 ° F) okanye ukuchasana nokuvezwa okuthe ngqo okwethutyana kwe-250 ° C(482 ° F) okanye ngaphezulu. Ngamanye amazwi, imveliso inokugcina iinkqubo ezingaphezulu kwe-150 ° C kwaye inokunyamezela izithuba ezimfutshane okanye ngaphezulu kwe-250 ° C. Kunye nokuxhathisa ukufudumala, ezi plastiki zihlala zinezindlu ezimangalisayo ezinokuthi zihambelane nezo zesinyithi. Iiplastiki ezikwazi ukumelana nobushushu zinokuthatha imo ye-thermoplastics, i-thermosets, okanye i-photopolymers.

Iiplastiki zenziwe ngamatyathanga amade eemolekyuli. Xa kushushu, amabhondi phakathi kwala matyathanga abonakaliswe, edala imveliso ukuba inyibilike. Iiplastiki ezinobushushu obuncitshisiweyo bokunyibilika zikholisa ukuquka amakhonkco e-aliphatic ngelixa iiplastiki ezinobushushu obuphezulu zenziwe ngamajingi anuka kamnandi. Kwimeko yamakhonkco amnandi, iibhondi ezimbini zeekhemikhali zifuna ukonakala (xa kuthelekiswa ne-aliphatic rings 'bond yodwa) ngaphambi kokuba isakhelo siphuke. Ngoko ke, kunzima ukunyibilikisa ezi mveliso.

Ukongeza kwi-chemistry ephantsi, ukuxhathisa ukufudumala kweeplastiki kunokongezwa ngokusebenzisa izithako. Phakathi kwezona zongezo ziqhelekileyo zokuphucula ukumelana neqondo lobushushu yifiber yeglasi. Iintsinga zikwanenzuzo eyongeziweyo yokwandisa ukuqina okupheleleyo kunye namandla ezinto eziphathekayo.

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuchonga ukuxhathisa ubushushu kweplastiki. Ezona zibalulekileyo zidweliswe apha:

• INqanaba lokuPhambuka koBubushushu (HDT) – Eli liqondo lobushushu apho iplastiki iya kuba nesiphene phantsi komlinganiselo ochazwe kwangaphambili. Lo mlinganiselo awuthethi ngeziphumo ezilindelekileyo zexesha elide kwimveliso ukuba ubushushu bugcinwe ixesha elongeziweyo.
• Ubushushu bokutshintsha kweglasi (Tg) - Kwimeko yeplastiki ye-amorphous, i-Tg ichaza iqondo lokushisa apho izinto ziguqula i-rubbery okanye i-viscous.
• Ubushushu bokusebenzisa ngokuqhubekayo (CUT) – Ichaza elona qondo lobushushu lifanelekileyo apho iplastiki inokuthi isetyenziswe rhoqo ngaphandle kokutshatyalaliswa okukhulu kumakhaya ayo oomatshini ngexesha lokuyilwa kwenxalenye yobomi.

Kutheni ufanele usebenzise iiPlastiki eziNganyangekiyo kubushushu?

Iiplastiki zisetyenziswa kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, kutheni umntu angasebenzisa iiplastiki kwizicelo zobushushu obuphezulu xa iintsimbi zihlala zenza iimpawu ezifanayo kwiindidi ezibanzi zobushushu? Nazi ezinye izizathu zokuba:

1. Ubunzima obuphantsi - Iiplastiki zikhaphukhaphu kunezinyithi. Ngoko ke zigqwesile kwizicelo kwisithuthi kunye neemarike ze-aerospace ezixhomekeke kwizinto ezikhaphukhaphu ukunyusa ukusebenza ngokubanzi.
2. Ukuxhathisa umhlwa - Ezinye iiplastiki zinokuxhathisa umhlwa okungcono kakhulu kunezintsimbi xa zibonakaliswe kwiintlobo ezininzi zeekhemikhali. Oku kunokuba yimfuneko kwizicelo ezibandakanya zombini ubushushu kunye nemozulu erhabaxa efana nezo zikwishishini lemichiza.
3. Ukuguquguquka koMveliso-Amalungu ePlastiki anokwenziwa kusetyenziswa itekhnoloji yokuvelisa umthamo omkhulu onjengokubumba inaliti. Oku kubangela ukuba iindawo ezingabizi kakhulu kwiyunithi nganye kunezilinganisi zazo zetsimbi ze-CNC. Amalungu ePlastiki anokwenziwa kusetyenziswa ushicilelo lwe-3D oluvumela uyilo oluntsonkothileyo kunye noyilo olubhetyebhetye olungcono kunokuba lunokuzuzwa ngokusetyenziswa komatshini we-CNC.
4. I-Insulator - Iiplastiki zinokusebenza zombini njenge-thermal kunye ne-insulators zombane. Oku kuzenza zibe zezifanelekileyo apho ukuhanjiswa kombane kunokonakalisa izixhobo zombane ezibuthathaka okanye apho ubushushu bunokuchaphazela kakubi inkqubo yamalungu.

Iindidi zePlastiki ezixhathisa kubushushu obuphezulu

Kukho amaqela ama-2 aphambili e-thermoplastics- angala i-amorphous kunye ne-semicrystalline plastics. Iiplastiki ezikwaziyo ukumelana nobushushu zinokufunyanwa kwiqela ngalinye kula njengoko kubonisiwe kwiNombolo loku-1 zidweliswe ngezantsi. Umahluko ophambili phakathi kwezi 2 zizenzo zabo zokunyibilika. Imveliso ye-amorphous ayinayo indawo yokunyibilika echanekileyo kodwa ithobeka kancinci njengoko iqondo lobushushu linyuka. Isixhobo se-semi-crystalline, xa sithelekisa, sinendawo yokunyibilika ebukhali kakhulu.

Apha ngezantsi kukho iimveliso ezithengiswayoDTG. Fowunela i-arhente ye-DTG ukuba ufuna imveliso yeenkcukacha ezingaphawulwanga apha.

Polyetherimide (PEI).

Esi sixhobo siqondwa ngokuqhelekileyo ngegama layo lokurhweba le-Ultem kwaye iplastiki ye-amorphous enezakhiwo ezikhethekileyo zokushisa kunye nezomatshini. Ikwayakwazi ukumelana nedangatye nangaphandle kwezithako. Nangona kunjalo, ukuxhathisa okukodwa kwedangatye kufuneka kuhlolwe kwidatha yemveliso. I-DTG ibonelela ngeempawu ezimbini zeplastiki ze-Ultem zoshicilelo lwe-3D.

I-Polyamide (PA).

I-Polyamide, eyongeziweyo eyamkelwa ngegama lezorhwebo, iNylon, inamakhaya axhathisayo afudumeleyo, ngakumbi xa idityaniswe nezithako kunye nezixhobo zokuzalisa. Ukongeza koku, inayiloni ixhathisa kakhulu kwi-abrasion. I-DTG ibonelela ngeentlobo ngeentlobo zeenayiloni ezikwaziyo ukumelana nobushushu kunye nezixhobo ezininzi zokuzalisa ezahlukeneyo njengoko kuboniswe ngezantsi.

Iifotopolymers.

Iifotopolymers ziiplastiki ezahlukileyo eziye zenziwa ipholima kuphela phantsi kweempembelelo zomthombo wamandla wangaphandle njengokukhanya kwe-UV okanye isixhobo esithile sokukhanya. Ezi mathiriyeli zinokusetyenziswa ukuvelisa iindawo ezipapashiweyo ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezinejiyometri entsonkothileyo engenzekiyo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuvelisa izinto ezintsha. Ngaphakathi kwinqanaba le-photopolymers, i-DTG inikezela ngeeplastiki ezi-2 ezikwazi ukumelana nobushushu.