Konke Odinga Ukukwazi NgePolyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Plastic

I-Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) ingenye yezinto eziguquguqukayo nezisetshenziswa kakhulu ze-thermoplastic emhlabeni jikelele. Yaziwa ngokuqina kwayo, ukufinyeleleka, kanye nokumelana nezinto ezithinta imvelo, i-PVC isetshenziswa ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene, kusukela kwezokwakha kuye kwezokunakekelwa kwempilo. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ukuthi iyini i-PVC, izakhiwo zayo, ukusetshenziswa kwayo, nokunye okuningi.

Iyini i-Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)?

I-Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) i-polymer yokwenziwa eyenziwe nge-polymerization ye-vinyl chloride. Yaqala ukuhlanganiswa ngo-1872 futhi yaqala ukukhiqizwa kwezentengiselwano ngawo-1920 yi-BF Goodrich Company. I-PVC isetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yezokwakha, kepha ukusetshenziswa kwayo kubuye kube nezimpawu, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, izindwangu, nokunye.

I-PVC itholakala ngamafomu amabili ayinhloko:

1. I-PVC eqinile (uPVC)- I-PVC engafakwanga ipulasitiki iyimpahla eqinile, ehlala isikhathi eside esetshenziswa ekufakeni amapayipi, amafreyimu amafasitela, nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zesakhiwo.
2. I-PVC eguquguqukayo- Ilungiswe ngamaplastiki, i-PVC evumelana nezimo ithambile, iyagobeka, futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi emikhiqizweni efana nokufakwa kwezintambo zikagesi, ukubeka phansi phansi, kanye namashubhu aguquguqukayo.

Izici ze-Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)

Izakhiwo ze-PVC ziyenza ibe yinto ethandwayo yezinhlelo eziningi zokusebenza:

• Ukuminyana: I-PVC iminyene kunamanye amapulasitiki amaningi, anamandla adonsela phansi acishe abe ngu-1.4.
• Ukuqina: I-PVC imelana nokuwohloka okuvela ezintweni zemvelo, amakhemikhali, nemisebe ye-UV, okuyenza ilungele imikhiqizo ehlala isikhathi eside.
• Amandla: I-PVC eqinile inamandla amahle kakhulu okuqina nobulukhuni, kuyilapho i-PVC eguquguqukayo igcina ukuguquguquka namandla.
• Ukusebenziseka kabusha: I-PVC igaywa kabusha kalula futhi ikhonjwa ngekhodi ye-resin "3," ekhuthaza ukusimama.

Izici ezibalulekile ze-PVC

• Izinga lokushisa elincibilikayo: 100°C kuya ku-260°C (212°F kuya ku-500°F), kuye ngezithasiselo.
• Amandla Okuqina: I-PVC eguquguqukayo isukela ku-6.9 kuya ku-25 MPa, kuyilapho i-PVC eqinile inamandla nakakhulu ku-34 kuya ku-62 MPa.
• Ukushintsha Ukushisa: I-PVC ingakwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa afika ku-92°C (198°F) ngaphambi kokonakala.
• Ukumelana Nokugqwala: I-PVC imelana kakhulu namakhemikhali nama-alkali, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuqinile ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene.

Izinhlobo ze-PVC: I-Rigid vs. Flexible

I-PVC itholakala ngokuyinhloko ngezindlela ezimbili:

1. I-PVC eqinile(UPVC): Leli fomu liqinile futhi livame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokwakha njengamapayipi amapayipi kanye nokuseceleni. Kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi “vin
2. I-PVC eguquguqukayo: Kuzuzwe ngokungeza ama-plasticizers, i-PVC eguquguqukayo isetshenziswa ezinhlelweni lapho kudingeka khona ukugoba noma ukuguquguquka, njengokugxilisa izintambo zikagesi, izinto zezokwelapha, kanye nokubeka phansi.

Kungani i-PVC isetshenziswa kaningi?

Ukuthandwa kwe-PVC kubangelwa yiwoizindleko eziphansi, ukutholakala, futhiububanzi bezakhiwo. I-PVC eqinile ithandwa kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwesakhiwo ngenxa yamandla nokuqina kwayo, kuyilapho ukuthamba nokuguquguquka kwe-PVC kuyenza ifaneleke emikhiqizweni edinga ukugotshwa, efana neshubhu lezokwelapha noma ukubeka phansi phansi.

Yenziwa kanjani i-PVC?

I-PVC ivamise ukukhiqizwa ngeyodwa yezindlela ezintathu ze-polymerization:

• Ukumiswa kwe-polymerization
• I-emulsion polymerization
• I-polymerization eyinqwaba

Lezi zinqubo zibandakanya ukwenziwa kwe-polymerization yama-vinyl chloride monomers abe yi-polyvinyl chloride eqinile, engase icutshungulwe ibe yimikhiqizo ehlukahlukene.

I-PVC ekuthuthukisweni kwe-Prototype: I-CNC Machining, Ukuphrinta kwe-3D, kanye Nokubunjwa komjovo

Ngenkathi i-PVC iyinto edumile ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene, iveza izinselelo ezithile uma kukhulunywa nge-prototyping nokukhiqiza:

• CNC Machining: I-PVC ingasikwa kusetshenziswa imishini ye-CNC, kodwa iyahuzuka futhi iyagqwala, ngakho okokusebenza okukhethekile (njengabasiki bensimbi engagqwali) kuyadingeka ukuze kugwenywe ukuguga.
• Ukuphrinta kwe-3D: I-PVC ayivamisile ukusetshenziselwa ukuphrinta kwe-3D ngenxa yesimo sayo sokugqwala. Ukwengeza, ikhipha amagesi anobuthi lapho ishiselwa, iyenze ibe into engafanele kakhulu kule njongo.
• Ukubunjwa komjovo: I-PVC ingabaumjovo obunjiwe, kodwa le nqubo idinga ukungena komoya okufanele kanye namathuluzi amelana nokugqwala ngenxa yokukhishwa kwamagesi ayingozi njenge-hydrogen chloride (HCl).

Ingabe i-PVC Inobuthi?

I-PVC ingakhululaintuthu enobuthiuma ushisiwe noma ushiswa, ikakhulukazi kuzilungiselelo zezimboni ezifana nokuphrinta kwe-3D, ukukhanda kwe-CNC, nokubunjwa komjovo. Izinto zingakhipha amagesi ayingozi afanai-chlorobenzenefuthii-hydrogen chloride, okungase kube yingozi empilweni. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa umoya ofanele kanye nezinto zokuzivikela ngesikhathi sokucubungula.

Izinzuzo ze-PVC

• Kuqiza kahle: I-PVC ingenye yamapulasitiki athengeka kakhulu atholakalayo.
• Ukuqina: Imelana nomthelela, amakhemikhali, nokucekelwa phansi kwemvelo.
• Amandla: I-PVC inikeza amandla okuqina ahlaba umxhwele, ikakhulukazi ngesimo sayo esiqinile.
• Ukuguquguquka: I-PVC ingabunjwa, isikwe, futhi ibunjwe ibe yizinhlobonhlobo zemikhiqizo, iyenze ivumelane nezisetshenziswa ezihlukahlukene.

Ukungalungi kwe-PVC

• Ukuzwela Kokushisa: I-PVC inokunganzi kahle kokushisa, okusho ukuthi ingakwazi ukugoba noma ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa eliphezulu ngaphandle kokuthi iziqinisi zengezwe ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza.
• Ukukhishwa Okunobuthi: Uma ishisiwe noma incibilika, i-PVC ikhipha intuthu eyingozi, edinga ukuphathwa ngokucophelela nezinqubo zokuphepha.
• Imvelo Ebolayo: I-PVC ingagqwala kumathuluzi ensimbi namathuluzi uma ingaphathwa kahle.

Isiphetho

I-Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) iyimpahla eguquguqukayo emangalisayo enikeza ibhalansi enhle kakhulu yokufinyeleleka, amandla, nokumelana nezinto zemvelo. Izinhlobo zayo ezihlukahlukene, eziqinile futhi eziguquguqukayo, zivumela ukuthi isetshenziswe ezimbonini eziningi, kusukela kwezokwakha kuye kwezokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqonda ubungozi bezempilo obungaba khona kanye nezinselelo ekucubunguleni i-PVC, ikakhulukazi mayelana nokukhishwa kwayo kanye nesimo sokugqwala. Uma iphathwa ngendlela efanele, i-PVC iyinto eyigugu eqhubeka idlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizeni nasekwakheni kwesimanjemanje.