Ayini amaPlastiki Angazweli Ngokufudumele?

Amapulastiki asetshenziswa cishe kuzo zonke izimakethe ngenxa yobulula bawo bokukhiqiza, angabizi, kanye nohlu olubanzi lwezakhiwo. Ngaphezulu nangaphezulu kwamapulasitiki wempahla ejwayelekile kukhona ikilasi lokuvikela ukushisa okuyinkimbinkimbiamapulasitikiezingamelana namazinga okushisa angakwazi. Lawa mapulasitiki asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni eziyinkimbinkimbi lapho ingxube yokumelana nokufudumala, amandla emishini, kanye nokumelana okuqinile kubalulekile. Lokhu okuthunyelwe kuzocacisa ukuthi yimaphi amapulasitiki amelana nokushisa nokuthi kungani enenzuzo kangaka.

Iyini i-Warmth Resistant Plastic?

Ipulasitiki ekwazi ukumelana nokufudumala ngokuvamile iyinoma yiluphi uhlobo lwepulasitiki olunezinga lokushisa eliqhubekayo lokusebenzisa elingaphezu kuka-150 ° C( 302 ° F) noma ukumelana nesikhashana kokuchayeka okuqondile okungu-250 ° C(482 ° F) noma ngaphezulu. Ngamanye amazwi, umkhiqizo ungasekela izinqubo ezingaphezu kuka-150 ° C futhi ungabekezelela isikhashana esifushane noma ngaphezulu kuka-250 ° C. Kanye nokumelana nokufudumala kwawo, lawa mapulasitiki ngokuvamile anezindlu eziyimishini ezimangalisayo ezingase zifane nalezo zensimbi. Amapulasitiki amelana nokushisa angathatha uhlobo lwama-thermoplastics, ama-thermosets, noma ama-photopolymers.

Amapulasitiki akhiwe ngamaketanga amade amamolekyuli. Uma kushisa, izibopho phakathi kwala maketanga ziyalimala, okwenza umkhiqizo uncibilike. Amapulastiki anamazinga okushisa ancibilikisiwe ancibilikayo ngokuvamile ahlanganisa izindandatho ze-aliphatic kuyilapho amapulasitiki asezingeni eliphezulu enziwa ngamasongo anephunga elimnandi. Esimeni samasongo anephunga elimnandi, amabhondi amakhemikhali amabili adinga ukonakala (uma kuqhathaniswa nebhondi eyedwa yama-aliphatic rings) ngaphambi kokuba uhlaka luphuke. Ngakho-ke, kunzima ukuncibilikisa le mikhiqizo.

Ngaphezu kwamakhemikhali angaphansi, ukumelana nokufudumala kwamapulasitiki kungathuthukiswa kusetshenziswa izithako. Phakathi kwezithasiselo ezijwayelekile zokuthuthukisa ukumelana nezinga lokushisa i-glass fiber. Amafayibha futhi empeleni anenzuzo eyengeziwe yokwandisa ukucinana okuphelele namandla okuphathekayo.

Kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokukhomba ukumelana nokushisa kwepulasitiki. Okubaluleke kakhulu kubalwe lapha:

• I-Heat Deflection Temperature Level (HDT) – Leli izinga lokushisa lapho ipulasitiki izoba namaphutha ngaphansi kwenkatho echazwe ngaphambilini. Lesi silinganiso asibali imiphumela yesikhathi eside engaba khona emkhiqizweni uma izinga lokushisa ligcinwa isikhathi eside.
• I-Glass Change Temperature (Tg) - Endabeni yepulasitiki ye-amorphous, i-Tg ichaza izinga lokushisa lapho into iguqula i-rubbery noma i-viscous.
• Ithempelesha Yokusebenzisa Ngokuqhubekayo (CUT) – Icacisa izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lapho ipulasitiki ingasetshenziswa njalo ngaphandle kokucekelwa phansi okukhulu ezindlini zayo eziwumshini phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwengxenye.

Kungani kufanele usebenzise iPlastiki Engazweli Ukushisa?

Ipulasitiki isetshenziswa kabanzi. Kodwa-ke, kungani umuntu angasebenzisa amapulasitiki ukuze afake izicelo zokushisa okuphezulu lapho izinsimbi zivame ukwenza izici ezifanayo phezu kwezinhlobo zokushisa ezibanzi kakhulu? Nazi ezinye izizathu zokuthi:

1. Isisindo Esiphansi - Ipulasitiki ilula kunezinsimbi. Ngakho-ke zinhle kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezimotweni nasezimakethe ze-aerospace ezithembele ezintweni ezingasindi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle okuvamile.
2. Ukumelana Nokugqwala - Amanye amapulasitiki anokumelana nokugqwala okungcono kakhulu kunezinsimbi lapho zembulwa ezinhlobonhlobo zamakhemikhali. Lokhu kungabaluleka ezinhlelweni ezibandakanya kokubili ukushisa nomoya omubi njengalezo ezitholakala embonini yamakhemikhali.
3. Ukukhiqiza Ukuvumelana nezimo - Izingxenye zepulasitiki zingenziwa ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza bevolumu ephezulu njengokubumba umjovo. Lokhu kubangela izingxenye ezibiza kancane ngeyunithi ngayinye kunozakwabo bensimbi abagaywe nge-CNC. Izingxenye zepulasitiki zingenziwa futhi kusetshenziswa ukuphrinta kwe-3D okuvumela izakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi kanye nokuguquguquka okungcono kwedizayini kunokutholwa kusetshenziswa imishini ye-CNC.
4. I-insulator - Ipulasitiki ingasebenza njengama-insulators ashisayo nakagesi. Lokhu kuzenza zibe zinhle lapho ukuqhutshwa kukagesi kungase kulimaze izinto zikagesi ezibucayi noma lapho ukushisa kungase kuthinte kabi inqubo yezingxenye.

Izinhlobo Zepulasitiki Ezimelana Nokushisa Okuphezulu

Kunamaqembu ama-2 ayinhloko we-thermoplastics- okungukuthi ipulasitiki ye-amorphous ne-semicrystalline. Amapulasitiki angangeni ekushiseni angatholwa kuqembu ngalinye lalawa njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuNombolo 1 ebhalwe ngezansi. Umehluko oyinhloko phakathi kwalezi 2 izenzo zabo zokuncibilika. Umkhiqizo we-amorphous awunalo iphuzu eliqondile lokuncibilika kodwa kunalokho uyathambisa njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka. I-semi-crystalline material, uma kuqhathaniswa, inephuzu lokuncibilika elicijile ngokwedlulele.

Kufakwe ohlwini ngezansi eminye imikhiqizo okunikezwayo kuyoI-DTG. Shayela i-ejenti ye-DTG uma udinga imininingwane yomkhiqizo ongaphawulwanga lapha.

I-Polyetherimide (PEI).

Le nto ijwayele ukuqondwa ngegama layo lezohwebo le-Ultem futhi iyipulasitiki e-amorphous enezakhiwo ezishisayo nezisebenza ngomshini. Iphinde imelane nelangabi ngisho nangaphandle kwezithako. Kodwa-ke, ukumelana nelangabi okuthile kufanele kubhekwe kudathabhethi yomkhiqizo. I-DTG ihlinzeka ngezimfanelo ezimbili zamapulasitiki e-Ultem zokuphrinta kwe-3D.

I-Polyamide (PA).

I-Polyamide, eyaziwa nangokuthi igama lokuhweba, inayiloni, inemizi eqinile ekwazi ukumelana nokufudumala, ikakhulukazi uma ihlanganiswe nezithako nezinto zokugcwalisa. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, inayiloni imelana kakhulu nemihuzuko. I-DTG ihlinzeka ngamanayiloni ahlukahlukene amelana nezinga lokushisa anezinto eziningi zokugcwalisa ezihlukene njengoba kukhonjisiwe ngezansi.

Ama-photopolymers.

Ama-photopolymer amapulasitiki ahlukile afika enziwe i-polymerized kuphela ngaphansi kwemithelela yesisetshenziswa samandla sangaphandle njengokukhanya kwe-UV noma indlela ethile yokubona. Lezi zinto zingasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza izingxenye ezishicilelwe zekhwalithi ephezulu ezinamajiyometri ayinkimbinkimbi angenzeki ngezinye izinto ezintsha zokukhiqiza. Ngaphakathi kwesigaba sama-photopolymers, i-DTG inikezela ngamapulasitiki a-2 ukumelana nokushisa.